Electric motors with a braking function are among the most important industrial motors and are widely used in systems requiring immediate stopping, precise position control, or increased safety. In many production lines, conveyor systems, elevators, lifting platforms, and precision systems, rapid stopping and the prevention of lateral shaft movement are crucial. Therefore, electric motors with a braking function are an indispensable component of industrial automation systems.
This article provides a detailed definition of electric motors with brakes, including brake types, internal design, operating principle, differences from conventional electric motors, application areas, advantages and disadvantages, and important selection criteria. The article is written to be easily understandable for both technical professionals and laypersons, thus facilitating understanding and application.
What is an electric motor with a braking function?
A brake motor is an electric motor equipped with an electromagnetic or mechanical braking system that immediately stops the rotation of the motor shaft after a power failure or locks it in a specific position. This function prevents the motor from continuing to run without discharging its electrical charge or from moving unintentionally, thus increasing system safety.
Under normal conditions, the shaft of an asynchronous motor continues to rotate for several seconds after a power outage. This poses a significant risk in many applications requiring precision. In contrast, with motors equipped with brakes, the brakes are applied immediately after a power failure , bringing the shaft to an instant stop.
Main components of a brake motor
Every electric motor equipped with a braking function consists of two main parts:
1. Electric motor
It could be one of the following types:
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three-phase motor
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single-phase motor
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DC motors (rarely found in industrial applications)
The type of electric motor does not have a significant influence on the design of the braking system; however, power, speed, and torque are important factors in the selection of brakes.
2. Electromagnetic or mechanical brakes
The brakes are mounted at the end or in the middle of the engine and typically include the following components:
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Brake file
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brake pads or brake discs
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Compression spring
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Stimulation of the intervertebral discs
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shield
How do brakes work in an engine with a braking system?
Operating mode without power supply (brakes applied):
On most internal combustion engines, the brakes are normally in the open position , i.e.:
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When no energy is applied, the spring compresses the brake disc and the brake shaft comes to a standstill.
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This design increases safety during sudden power outages.
Electric mode (free braking):
When the current reaches the motor:
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Apply power to the brake coil.
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The resulting magnetic field attracts the brake disc.
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The spring pressure in the washing machine is released.
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The shaft came loose and the motor was able to turn.
The system is characterized by exceptional speed, high reliability and a response time of only a few fractions of a second.
Braking methods in electric motors during braking
1. DC electromagnetic brakes
The most commonly used brake in industrial motors is a brake coil, which is usually controlled by a rectifier .
Advantages:
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Smooth and fast operation
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in a whisper
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longevity
2. Electromagnetic brakes that are operated with an alternating current network.
This brake does not require a rectifier and can be connected directly to the AC power supply.
Advantages:
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Low price
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Easy installation
. Disadvantages: -
Increased vibrations and noise
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Low accuracy
3. Mechanical or friction brakes
In systems where safety is the top priority, highly developed mechanical brakes are used.
Advantages of using an engine equipped with brakes.
1. Fast and safe parking
The most important feature is the ability to immediately shut off the motor in emergency situations . This function is crucial for devices that come into contact with the human body.
2. Better control over the axis position.
Shaft stability is of utmost importance in CNC machines, elevators and precision instruments.
3. Prevent goods from falling.
In bridge cranes, elevators and freight elevators, motors equipped with brakes prevent the load from falling.
4. Extending the service life of mechanical parts.
Improved motion control and the avoidance of impacts can reduce mechanical wear.
5. Safer
The braking system retains its effectiveness even after a power supply interruption , which is a very important feature.
Disadvantages of electric motors with brakes.
Despite their high efficiency, these engines also have some disadvantages:
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Higher price than conventional engines.
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The maintenance work is more complex.
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More sensitive to dust and moisture.
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Brake files and other parts are needed.
However, in applications where safety and precision are of crucial importance, the use of an electric motor with a braking function is absolutely essential.
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Use of motors equipped with brakes.
This type of motor is widely used in many industrial and non-industrial applications. Its main areas of application include:
1. Lifting, loading and unloading industry
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Bridge crane
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Winds
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Elevator for the workshop
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industrial elevators
In such systems, preventing setbacks and reducing stress are of crucial importance.
2nd production line
On the following devices:
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expulsion
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Assembly line
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printing press
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Press
Fast and precise parking is extremely important.
3. Machines with numerical control (CNC)
In these systems, the axis position control is extremely sensitive, which helps to avoid mechanical errors.
4. Automatic industrial doors
To prevent sudden opening or closing in the event of a power outage.
5. Wood and metal industry
On the following devices:
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straight saw
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Forming machine
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Bending and cutting machines
In this case, it is extremely important to precisely stop the execution of the code.
How do you choose the right electric motor with a braking function?
The following key criteria must be considered when selecting the right engine :
1. Engine power (kW or hp)
The choice of energy consumption mode depends on the operating mode. Elevators typically use motors with higher power and a higher safety factor.
2. Brake type
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Direct current (DC) is suitable for precise and low-noise systems.
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A simpler and more cost-effective communication system.
3. Braking torque
The braking torque must be adjusted according to the load weight and operating conditions. Insufficient braking torque can lead to skidding and pose a safety risk.
4. Engine speed
The motor speed must be adjusted according to the machine requirements. In many cases, a brake motor with a speed of 960 or 1400 rpm is used.
5. Protection class (IP)
In humid or dusty working environments, a motor with a higher level of protection should be chosen.
6. Brand and production quality
Trusted brands such as:
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Sew
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Wherein?
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Siemens
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Moto Wario
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Iranian electric motors such as Motogen and Jamco.
It is characterized by higher performance features and a longer lifespan.
Maintenance and repair of engines equipped with brakes.
To extend the lifespan of your engine , please note the following:
1. Check the connections.
Brake pads wear out over time and need to be replaced.
2. Clean the rims and brakes.
Excessive amounts of dust can impair braking performance.
3. Setting the supply voltage
Especially with DC brakes, insufficient voltage can reduce braking performance.
4. Check the braking torque.
If any slippage is detected when parking the vehicle , an adjustment or repair is necessary.
5. Hire professional technicians.
Engine brakes are precision components and must be serviced by experienced specialists.
Comparison of motors with brakes and conventional motors.
| Special feature | conventional engine | brake motor |
|---|---|---|
| Brief stop |  NO |
 Yes |
| Safety precautions in case of a power outage | A little | Very large |
| Price | fewer | additionally |
| Save | base | Everything is much more complicated. |
| Precision at work | generally | higher |
In conclusion
Electric motors with integrated braking systems are indispensable components in various industries, particularly in systems requiring rapid stopping, precise axis position control, or a high level of safety. These motors utilize electromagnetic brakes to prevent unintended movements and simplify operation. Despite their high cost and maintenance requirements, they are essential in industries where safety and precision are paramount.
When selecting a brake motor, factors such as power, braking type, torque, brand, and environmental conditions should be considered. Regular maintenance also contributes to extending the motor’s lifespan and improving its performance.